Udayagiri is a hill of 2nd-century BCE rock-cut caves excavated as monastic cells for Jain ascetics under King Kharavela of the Mahameghavahana dynasty. Its Hathigumpha inscription is one of the most important primary sources for early Odisha history.
The caves are simple in form — small cells without elaborate interior decoration — but several, particularly Rani Gumpha, have carved façades and courtyards that reward a slow walk with a guide who can point out the narrative reliefs.
The Hathigumpha (Elephant Cave) inscription, carved in Brahmi script, records the military campaigns and public works of King Kharavela and remains a cornerstone source for dating events in ancient Kalinga.
Udayagiri's caves are generally larger and more elaborately carved than those at neighbouring Khandagiri, reflecting its role as the more significant monastic centre of the two hills.
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Destinations · 8 min read
Bhubaneswar, Odisha's capital, holds one of India's densest concentrations of surviving temples, headlined by the 11th-century Lingaraj Temple.
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